Assessing the Legality of Israel’s Action Against Iran Under International Law

Assessing the Legality of Israel’s Action Against Iran Under International Law

Assessing the Legality of Israel’s Action Against Iran Under International Law As related in previous Articles of War coverage (here, here, and here), in the early hours of 13 June, Israel launched “Operation Rising Lion” which struck Iran’s nuclear enrichment...
Select IHL Issues Arising from the Israel-Iran Conflict

Select IHL Issues Arising from the Israel-Iran Conflict

Select IHL Issues Arising from the Israel-Iran Conflict The Israeli strikes on Iran on 13 June 2025 and the ensuing attacks from both sides have raised important questions of international law. Several questions concern the legal basis under the ius ad bellum for the...
Attacking Scientists and the Law of Armed Conflict

Attacking Scientists and the Law of Armed Conflict

Attacking Scientists and the Law of Armed Conflict On June 13, 2025, Israel launched Operation Rising Lion, an attack on Iran’s nuclear infrastructure, ballistic missile program, and senior military leadership. Additionally, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) conducted...
I Spy: Espionage, Perfidy, and Fighting in the Shadows

I Spy: Espionage, Perfidy, and Fighting in the Shadows

I Spy: Espionage, Perfidy, and Fighting in the Shadows In a 2024 Articles of War post, I identified that intelligence gathering, including espionage, is authorized by both treaty and customary international law during armed conflict. For international armed conflicts,...
The Presumption of Civilian Status in Cases of Doubt: A Vital Rule in Increasingly Unsettled Times

The Presumption of Civilian Status in Cases of Doubt: A Vital Rule in Increasingly Unsettled Times

The Presumption of Civilian Status in Cases of Doubt: A Vital Rule in Increasingly Unsettled Times Editors’ note: This post is drawn from the authors’ article-length work, “Pro patria mori: When States Encourage Civilian Involvement in Armed Conflict” appearing in the...