The ICJ Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and Cyber Operations – Part I: General International Law Considerations

The ICJ Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and Cyber Operations – Part I: General International Law Considerations

The ICJ Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and Cyber Operations – Part I: General International Law Considerations In July 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued its much-anticipated Climate Change advisory opinion. The opinion is worth reviewing...
Estonia’s New Push to Seize Immobilised Russian State Assets

Estonia’s New Push to Seize Immobilised Russian State Assets

Estonia’s New Push to Seize Immobilised Russian State Assets Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has caused extensive material damage. The World Bank Group, the government of Ukraine, the European Union, and the United Nations released a latest “Rapid Damage and Needs...
EU Support to Ukraine through Windfall Profits: Reparative Value, International Law, and Future Pathways

EU Support to Ukraine through Windfall Profits: Reparative Value, International Law, and Future Pathways

EU Support to Ukraine through Windfall Profits: Reparative Value, International Law, and Future Pathways Over two years into the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the fate of Russian assets frozen by Western sanctions is followed almost as closely...
The Emergence of Collective Countermeasures

The Emergence of Collective Countermeasures

The Emergence of Collective Countermeasures Editor’s Note: This post is based on a forthcoming article, “War Reparations: The Case for Countermeasures” in the Stanford Law Review, available here. When Russia invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022, it launched the...