Interpreting the Law of Self-Defense

Interpreting the Law of Self-Defense

Interpreting the Law of Self-Defense The 13 June 2025 Israeli attack (Operation Rising Lion) on Iranian nuclear and military infrastructure, as well as senior military leaders and nuclear scientists, sparked a sophisticated debate over the parameters of the...
Lieber Studies Series – Protecting Civilians During Invasion

Lieber Studies Series – Protecting Civilians During Invasion

Lieber Studies Series – Protecting Civilians During Invasion Editors’ note: This post is based on the author’s chapter in Civilian Protection in Armed Conflict: Select Issues (Jelena Pejic and Margaret Kotlik eds. 2025), the eleventh volume of the Lieber Studies...
Article 9 and the Attribution of Armed Groups’ Attacks to the Territorial State

Article 9 and the Attribution of Armed Groups’ Attacks to the Territorial State

Article 9 and the Attribution of Armed Groups’ Attacks to the Territorial State The ongoing conflicts between Israel, Hamas, and Hezbollah continue to raise complex questions of international law. Some of these involve issues of State responsibility, requiring an...
Reprisals Against Enemy Civilians, the Object and Purpose of Additional Protocol I, and the United Kingdom’s Reservation

Reprisals Against Enemy Civilians, the Object and Purpose of Additional Protocol I, and the United Kingdom’s Reservation

Reprisals Against Enemy Civilians, the Object and Purpose of Additional Protocol I, and the United Kingdom’s Reservation Editors’ note: This post considers one aspect of an article recently published by the author in The Military Law and the Law of War Review. It does...