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Ken Watkin
| Sep 18, 2026 | AoW Posts, Blog, Lieber Studies Attribution of Non-State Actor Conduct Volume, State Responsibility
Lieber Studies Non-State Actor Attribution Volume Series – Shadow Warfare, State Attribution and Substantial Involvement Editors’ note: This post appears as an entry in a series dedicated to Dr Jennifer Maddocks’ monograph, Attribution of Non-State Actor Conduct...
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Nicholas Tsagourias
| May 12, 2025 | AoW Posts, Blog, State Responsibility, Use of Force
Can Israel Target Iran in Response to Houthi Attacks? Exploring the Threshold of “Substantial Involvement” Following the Houthi missile attack on Ben Gurion Airport on Sunday, May 4, 2025, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed to retaliate not only against...
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Michael N. Schmitt,
Alexander Hernandez
| May 9, 2025 | Accountability, AoW Posts, Blog, Conflict Classification, State Responsibility, Use of Force
Analyzing State Support to Non-State Actors – Part II: Response Options and Conflict Classification As non-State actors assume an increasingly prominent role in international affairs, State support to them as a strategic tool for advancing political objectives has...
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Olivia Flasch
| Dec 10, 2024 | AoW Posts, Blog, Conflict Classification, Law of Armed Conflict
Iran as a Party to an International Armed Conflict with Israel A recent Articles of War post argues that Iran’s “substantial involvement” in Hezbollah’s activities is sufficient to render it responsible for the latter’s armed attacks, thus triggering Israel’s right to...
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Ori Pomson
| Dec 4, 2024 | AoW Posts, Blog, Use of Force
Iran and Israel: The Light Treatment of Jus ad Bellum In the early hours of October 26, 2024, the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) launched a large-scale attack against Iran. According to the IDF, these were “precise and targeted strikes against military targets in a...
