The ICJ Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and Cyber Operations – Part I: General International Law Considerations

The ICJ Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and Cyber Operations – Part I: General International Law Considerations

The ICJ Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and Cyber Operations – Part I: General International Law Considerations In July 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued its much-anticipated Climate Change advisory opinion. The opinion is worth reviewing...
The Tin Can Ruse: Lawful Deception or Prohibited Treachery?

The Tin Can Ruse: Lawful Deception or Prohibited Treachery?

The Tin Can Ruse: Lawful Deception or Prohibited Treachery? The law of armed conflict has always drawn an uncomfortable line between cunning and criminality. Commanders who deceive the enemy are celebrated; those who betray a protected confidence face prosecution. The...
Intelligence Wars: Sabotage in the Shadows of Conflict

Intelligence Wars: Sabotage in the Shadows of Conflict

Intelligence Wars: Sabotage in the Shadows of Conflict Sabotage has suddenly gained a high profile in international dialogue about conflict. This occurs most obviously in the context of an evolving “gray zone conflict” with Russia linked to sabotage in European States...
The Impact of AI-Enabled Capabilities on the Application of International Law in the Cyber Domain

The Impact of AI-Enabled Capabilities on the Application of International Law in the Cyber Domain

The Impact of AI-Enabled Capabilities on the Application of International Law in the Cyber Domain This post describes the proceedings and conclusions of a workshop that brought together scholars, some with both operational and technical expertise, to discuss the...
Legal Reviews of War Algorithms: From Cyber Weapons to AI Systems

Legal Reviews of War Algorithms: From Cyber Weapons to AI Systems

Legal Reviews of War Algorithms: From Cyber Weapons to AI Systems States are obliged to conduct legal reviews of new weapons, means, and methods of warfare. Legal reviews of artificial intelligence (AI) systems pose significant legal and practical challenges due to...