I Spy: Espionage, Perfidy, and Fighting in the Shadows

I Spy: Espionage, Perfidy, and Fighting in the Shadows

I Spy: Espionage, Perfidy, and Fighting in the Shadows In a 2024 Articles of War post, I identified that intelligence gathering, including espionage, is authorized by both treaty and customary international law during armed conflict. For international armed conflicts,...
The Evolving Interpretation of the Use of Force in Cyber Operations: Insights from State Practices

The Evolving Interpretation of the Use of Force in Cyber Operations: Insights from State Practices

The Evolving Interpretation of the Use of Force in Cyber Operations: Insights from State Practices Editors’ note: This post is drawn from the author’s article-length work with Professor Michael Schmitt, “Cyberspace and the Jus ad Bellum: The State of Play” appearing...
Ukraine Symposium – Ukraine’s “Indefinite” Incursion into Russia and the Jus ad Bellum

Ukraine Symposium – Ukraine’s “Indefinite” Incursion into Russia and the Jus ad Bellum

Ukraine Symposium – Ukraine’s “Indefinite” Incursion into Russia and the Jus ad Bellum In early August, following two and a half years of attempts to repulse invading Russian forces from its eastern territories, Ukraine conducted a large-scale ground counteroffensive...
A Policy Approach for Addressing the “Cyber Attacks” and “Data as an Object” Debates

A Policy Approach for Addressing the “Cyber Attacks” and “Data as an Object” Debates

A Policy Approach for Addressing the “Cyber Attacks” and “Data as an Object” Debates Among the issues examined at this week’s International Society of Military Law and the Law of War’s annual Silent Leges Inter Arma? (In Times of War, the Law Falls Silent?) Conference...
International Law and Intelligence Gathering: Mind the Gaps

International Law and Intelligence Gathering: Mind the Gaps

International Law and Intelligence Gathering: Mind the Gaps Intelligence gathering is a fundamental element of both statecraft and the conduct of hostilities. Its integral role in armed conflict is evident in the Israel intelligence service, the Shin Bet, having...