Can Israel Target Iran in Response to Houthi Attacks? Exploring the Threshold of “Substantial Involvement”

Can Israel Target Iran in Response to Houthi Attacks? Exploring the Threshold of “Substantial Involvement”

Can Israel Target Iran in Response to Houthi Attacks? Exploring the Threshold of “Substantial Involvement” Following the Houthi missile attack on Ben Gurion Airport on Sunday, May 4, 2025, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed to retaliate not only against...
Targeting Iranian Spy Ships

Targeting Iranian Spy Ships

Targeting Iranian Spy Ships On March 17, 2025, Al-Hadath, a Saudi news outlet, reported that U.S. forces in the Middle East had targeted and sunk Iran’s newest signals intelligence (SIGINT) ship, the IRINS Zagros (H313), while the spy ship was on station in the Red...
Applying the Unwilling or Unable Test: Israel Strikes Houthi Targets in Yemen

Applying the Unwilling or Unable Test: Israel Strikes Houthi Targets in Yemen

Applying the Unwilling or Unable Test: Israel Strikes Houthi Targets in Yemen On July 18, 2024, Houthi rebels conducted a drone strike in Tel Aviv, killing one person and wounding at least ten others. The attack was carried out by an Iranian Samad-3 drone that had...
Houthi Attacks on Merchant Vessels in the Red Sea

Houthi Attacks on Merchant Vessels in the Red Sea

Houthi Attacks on Merchant Vessels in the Red Sea The Red Sea has seen a rise in attacks on merchant ships since 19 October 2023. Although the number of ships having been attacked differs depending on the sources used, the number has by now at the very least exceeded...
Attacks on Merchant Shipping: Which State Has the Right to Respond in Self-Defence?

Attacks on Merchant Shipping: Which State Has the Right to Respond in Self-Defence?

Attacks on Merchant Shipping: Which State Has the Right to Respond in Self-Defence? On April 13, 2024, Iranian special forces seized the Portuguese flagged MSC Aries near the Strait of Hormuz as it sailed towards the Nhava Sheva port in India. The ship, which...