Articles of War
Lieber Studies Indo-Pacific Volume – LOAC and Information Warfare in the Indo-Pacific
On December 7, 2026, world leaders will gather in Jordan for the High-Level Conference on Humanity in War, the culmination of the Global Initiative launched in September 2024 to galvanize political commitment to the law of armed conflict (LOAC). Among the initiative’s...
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Ukraine’s Attacks on Oil Infrastructure and the “War-Sustaining” Debate
On 16 June, Ukraine launched a drone strike on Russia’s Gazprom Neft Moscow Refinery, an oil processing facility that sources a third of the fuel supply for the Russian capital and its surrounding region. Two days later, Ukraine struck the refinery again with one of...
Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello Targeting
There is a growing tendency to devise a double targeting criterion for attacks: one for jus ad bellum (JAB); and one for jus in bello (JIB), and to...
Lieber Studies Indo-Pacific Volume – Interpretative Choice and Risk in Indo-Pacific Air Domain Challenges
Legal challenges in the Indo-Pacific air domain have typically been overshadowed by legal issues arising in, under, and from the sea. Yet resolution...
Lieber Studies Armed Conflict in the Indo-Pacific Region Volume Series – Introduction
In recent years, the Indo-Pacific has emerged as a principal arena of strategic competition. The region has witnessed intensified military...
Dual-Purpose Objects
Editors’ note: This post is based on the authors’ recently published article “On the Purpose Limb of the Military Objective Test under the Law of...
The ICJ Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and Cyber Operations – Part II: Jus in Bello
Part I of this two-post series analyzed how the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) Climate Change advisory opinion might reshape State...
War Booty in the Modern Law of Armed Conflict
There is an often unnoticed lexical (and, by extension, substantive) controversy over the survival of war booty under the modern law of armed...
Ukraine’s Attacks on Oil Infrastructure and the “War-Sustaining” Debate
On 16 June, Ukraine launched a drone strike on Russia’s Gazprom Neft Moscow Refinery, an oil processing facility that sources a third of the fuel...
The ICJ Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and Cyber Operations – Part I: General International Law Considerations
In July 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued its much-anticipated Climate Change advisory opinion. The opinion is worth reviewing...
From Nuremberg to Lafarge: Corporate War Crimes by Another Name?
The prosecution of the global corporation Lafarge in the United States and, more recently, in France may signal a major shift in wartime corporate...
War Crimes in History
Editors’ note: This post is based on the author’s article-length work, “A History of the Law of War Crimes” appearing in International Review of the...
Choice of Law in the Laws of War
In private international law, choice of law is a critical question concerned with identifying which legal system governs a dispute involving...
Compliance by Design III: LOAC in China’s Autonomous Weapons Development
Editors’ note: This is the eight post in a series dedicated to Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) and the questions of human oversight and...
