Articles of War
The Regulation of Levées en Masse: Extending Participation to Diaspora Populations
The levée en masse (i.e., mass uprising) is a relatively rare form of conflict participation recognised by international humanitarian law (IHL). It was last expressed in treaty form in Geneva Convention III (GC III), which extends prisoner of war (POW) status, and...
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Criminal Organisations Party to an Armed Conflict and the Question of Targeting
This post is drawn from the authors’ article-length work, “Targeting Drug Lords: Challenges to IHL Between lege lata and lege ferenda” appearing in the International Review of the Red Cross. Criminal organisations have been a threat to State stability for decades....
The Role of Municipal Law Analogies in the Law of Armed Conflicts
It is common wisdom that the law of armed conflict (LOAC) contains many “principles” or rules of considerable normative breadth and importance. Some...
The Alleged Poisoning of Alexei Navalny: Why do Toxin Allegations Go to the Hague?
During the 2026 Munich Security Conference, the United Kingdom, Sweden, France, Germany, and the Netherlands made a joint statement concerning the...
Legal Accountability for AI-Driven Autonomous Weapons
As algorithms begin to make decisions that determine who lives and who dies on the battlefield, the rise of AI-driven autonomous weapon systems...
When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part II
In Part I of this post, we addressed the threshold issue of whether cyber operations targeting water infrastructure qualify as attacks, thus...
An Occupying Power’s Authority to Conclude Treaties for Occupied Territories
Can an occupying power conclude treaties relating to the occupied territory? Can it do so solely in its own name or also in the name of the State...
When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part I
While the digital transformation of water treatment plants, distribution networks, and dams has created significant efficiencies, few civilian...
Anti-Personnel Mines in a Post-Hostilities Environment: The Case of Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict
Few contemporary conflicts have been as deeply saturated with landmines as the protracted confrontation between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Over three...
Laws of Yesterday’s Wars Symposium – Conclusion
As this symposium draws to a close, one principle emerges as the unifying thread across the societies examined in Volume 4 of The Laws of...
Laws of Yesterday’s Wars Symposium – African Traditions and the Preservation of Humanity during Warfare
Editor’s note: The following post highlights a chapter that appears in Samuel White’s fourth edited volume of Laws of Yesterday’s Wars published...
Pushing Boundaries: Domestic Courts and Legislatures as the New Laboratory for War Crimes Law
War crimes belong to the category of so-called “core” international crimes over which the International Criminal Court (ICC) wields jurisdiction....
Military Animals in Armed Conflict
For much of human history, armies have relied on military animals to prosecute wars. Horses have served as means of transportation and tactical...
Laws of Yesterday’s Wars Symposium – Somali Traditions of Restraint
Editor’s note: The following post highlights a chapter that appears in Samuel White’s fourth edited volume of Laws of Yesterday’s Wars published...
