The Regulation of Levées en Masse: Extending Participation to Diaspora Populations

The Regulation of Levées en Masse: Extending Participation to Diaspora Populations

The Regulation of Levées en Masse: Extending Participation to Diaspora Populations The levée en masse (i.e., mass uprising) is a relatively rare form of conflict participation recognised by international humanitarian law (IHL). It was last expressed in treaty form in...
The Role of Municipal Law Analogies in the Law of Armed Conflicts

The Role of Municipal Law Analogies in the Law of Armed Conflicts

The Role of Municipal Law Analogies in the Law of Armed Conflicts It is common wisdom that the law of armed conflict (LOAC) contains many “principles” or rules of considerable normative breadth and importance. Some examples include: the principle of limitation of...
The Alleged Poisoning of Alexei Navalny: Why do Toxin Allegations Go to the Hague?

The Alleged Poisoning of Alexei Navalny: Why do Toxin Allegations Go to the Hague?

The Alleged Poisoning of Alexei Navalny: Why do Toxin Allegations Go to the Hague? During the 2026 Munich Security Conference, the United Kingdom, Sweden, France, Germany, and the Netherlands made a joint statement concerning the death of Alexei Navalny. They stated...
Legal Accountability for AI-Driven Autonomous Weapons

Legal Accountability for AI-Driven Autonomous Weapons

Legal Accountability for AI-Driven Autonomous Weapons As algorithms begin to make decisions that determine who lives and who dies on the battlefield, the rise of AI-driven autonomous weapon systems (AWS) is forcing a re-examination of some of the most basic principles...
When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part II

When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part II

When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part II In Part I of this post, we addressed the threshold issue of whether cyber operations targeting water infrastructure qualify as attacks, thus bringing international humanitarian...
An Occupying Power’s Authority to Conclude Treaties for Occupied Territories

An Occupying Power’s Authority to Conclude Treaties for Occupied Territories

An Occupying Power’s Authority to Conclude Treaties for Occupied Territories Can an occupying power conclude treaties relating to the occupied territory? Can it do so solely in its own name or also in the name of the State whose territory is occupied? No clear answer...