Attacks on Merchant Shipping: Which State Has the Right to Respond in Self-Defence?

Attacks on Merchant Shipping: Which State Has the Right to Respond in Self-Defence?

Attacks on Merchant Shipping: Which State Has the Right to Respond in Self-Defence? On April 13, 2024, Iranian special forces seized the Portuguese flagged MSC Aries near the Strait of Hormuz as it sailed towards the Nhava Sheva port in India. The ship, which...
Year in Review – 2023

Year in Review – 2023

Year in Review – 2023 2023 has witnessed not only a continuation of ongoing conflicts, including those in Ukraine and Nagorno-Karabakh, but also the emergence of new hostilities. A notable addition to the global security landscape was the renewed armed conflict...
Stranded Seafarers Under International Humanitarian Law

Stranded Seafarers Under International Humanitarian Law

Stranded Seafarers Under International Humanitarian Law Introduction One of Ukraine’s first belligerent reactions to its invasion by the Russian Federation was closing its ports to international shipping—leaving 2000 seafarers stranded aboard 94 vessels in and around...
Merchant Shipping as Military Objectives and Naval Economic Warfare

Merchant Shipping as Military Objectives and Naval Economic Warfare

Merchant Shipping as Military Objectives and Naval Economic Warfare On July 17, 2023, within 48 hours of the suspension of the Black Sea Grain Initiative, Russia and Ukraine made pivotal declarations potentially expanding the scope of their hostilities to a hitherto...
Can the Black Sea Grain Initiative Continue Without Russian Participation?

Can the Black Sea Grain Initiative Continue Without Russian Participation?

Can the Black Sea Grain Initiative Continue Without Russian Participation? On July 17, 2023, the Black Sea Grain Initiative expired after Russia refused to extend the term of the UN-brokered accord that has “facilitated the export of more than 30 million tonnes of...