Typology of Reservations Contrary to the Object and Purpose of a Treaty and their Application to IHL

Typology of Reservations Contrary to the Object and Purpose of a Treaty and their Application to IHL

Typology of Reservations Contrary to the Object and Purpose of a Treaty and their Application to IHL If a treaty is silent on the right of a contracting party to make reservations, then according to Article 19 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT),...
When Belligerent Drones Knock on Neutral Waters: Archipelagic Sea Lanes in the Age of Kamikaze Systems

When Belligerent Drones Knock on Neutral Waters: Archipelagic Sea Lanes in the Age of Kamikaze Systems

When Belligerent Drones Knock on Neutral Waters: Archipelagic Sea Lanes in the Age of Kamikaze Systems In 2024 to 2025, escalating tensions between Israel and Iran saw waves of missiles and drones cross regional skies. Jordan, a neutral (non-belligerent) State,...
The Madleen Incident and the Gaza Naval Blockade

The Madleen Incident and the Gaza Naval Blockade

The Madleen Incident and the Gaza Naval Blockade On June 9, 2025, Israeli naval forces intercepted the Madleen, a UK-flagged sailboat operated by the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, attempting to breach Israel’s longstanding naval blockade of Gaza. Among those aboard were...
Carving Up Ukraine: What About the Azov Sea?

Carving Up Ukraine: What About the Azov Sea?

Carving Up Ukraine: What About the Azov Sea? Among other things, the ongoing negotiations to end hostilities in the Russia-Ukraine War include a maritime ceasefire agreement for halting hostilities in the Black Sea. At this stage, no publicly available details exist...
Using the Proliferation Security Initiative to Disrupt Iran’s Oil Shipments

Using the Proliferation Security Initiative to Disrupt Iran’s Oil Shipments

Using the Proliferation Security Initiative to Disrupt Iran’s Oil Shipments Since the Islamic revolution of 1979, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been hostile to the United States and its allies and partners. It is the leading State sponsor of...