When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part II

When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part II

by , | Mar 6, 2026 | AoW Posts, Blog, Cyber, Targeting

When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part II In Part I of this post, we addressed the threshold issue of whether cyber operations targeting water infrastructure qualify as attacks, thus bringing international humanitarian...
When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part I

When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part I

by , | Mar 2, 2026 | AoW Posts, Blog, Cyber

When Red Lines Cross Blue Lines: Cyber Attacks on Poland’s Water Infrastructure – Part I While the digital transformation of water treatment plants, distribution networks, and dams has created significant efficiencies, few civilian infrastructure systems link digital...
Lexical Imperfections in the Hague Regulations of 1907

Lexical Imperfections in the Hague Regulations of 1907

by | Jan 23, 2026 | AoW Posts, Blog, History of LOAC, Law of Armed Conflict

Lexical Imperfections in the Hague Regulations of 1907 The Hague Regulations (HR) annexed to the 1907 Hague Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land were the first reasonably general codification of the law of war (as it was then called) in...
A Japanese Perspective on Treaty Obligations Regarding Attacks To, From, or Within Space

A Japanese Perspective on Treaty Obligations Regarding Attacks To, From, or Within Space

by | Dec 30, 2025 | AoW Posts, Blog, Space Law

A Japanese Perspective on Treaty Obligations Regarding Attacks To, From, or Within Space As States begin to regard outer space as a war-fighting domain, Japan has followed suit. Although it had long interpreted “peaceful” use of outer space in the Outer Space Treaty...
The Ukrainian Attacks Against Gambian-Flagged Oil Tankers in the Black Sea

The Ukrainian Attacks Against Gambian-Flagged Oil Tankers in the Black Sea

by | Dec 8, 2025 | AoW Posts, Blog, Maritime, Targeting

The Ukrainian Attacks Against Gambian-Flagged Oil Tankers in the Black Sea On October 28, 2025, Ukrainian so-called “Sea Baby drones” attacked two Gambian-flagged oil tankers, the Kairos and Virat. Whereas the vessels were severely damaged, no casualties were...