Lexical Imperfections in the Hague Regulations of 1907

Lexical Imperfections in the Hague Regulations of 1907

Lexical Imperfections in the Hague Regulations of 1907 The Hague Regulations (HR) annexed to the 1907 Hague Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land were the first reasonably general codification of the law of war (as it was then called) in...
A Japanese Perspective on Treaty Obligations Regarding Attacks To, From, or Within Space

A Japanese Perspective on Treaty Obligations Regarding Attacks To, From, or Within Space

A Japanese Perspective on Treaty Obligations Regarding Attacks To, From, or Within Space As States begin to regard outer space as a war-fighting domain, Japan has followed suit. Although it had long interpreted “peaceful” use of outer space in the Outer Space Treaty...
The Ukrainian Attacks Against Gambian-Flagged Oil Tankers in the Black Sea

The Ukrainian Attacks Against Gambian-Flagged Oil Tankers in the Black Sea

The Ukrainian Attacks Against Gambian-Flagged Oil Tankers in the Black Sea On October 28, 2025, Ukrainian so-called “Sea Baby drones” attacked two Gambian-flagged oil tankers, the Kairos and Virat. Whereas the vessels were severely damaged, no casualties were...
Can AI Teach Itself to Abuse IHL-Protected Indicators?

Can AI Teach Itself to Abuse IHL-Protected Indicators?

Can AI Teach Itself to Abuse IHL-Protected Indicators? In war, there is every incentive to deceive. Thousands of years ago, humans learnt that misleading the enemy, dissimulating one’s intentions, and misrepresenting the truth often led to tangible tactical and...
CyCon 2025 Series – AI-Enabled Offensive Cyber Operations: Legal Challenges in the Shadows of Automation

CyCon 2025 Series – AI-Enabled Offensive Cyber Operations: Legal Challenges in the Shadows of Automation

CyCon 2025 Series – AI-Enabled Offensive Cyber Operations: Legal Challenges in the Shadows of Automation Editors’ note: This post is part of a series that features presentations at this year’s 17th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon) in Tallinn,...