Article 9 and the Attribution of Armed Groups’ Attacks to the Territorial State

Article 9 and the Attribution of Armed Groups’ Attacks to the Territorial State

Article 9 and the Attribution of Armed Groups’ Attacks to the Territorial State The ongoing conflicts between Israel, Hamas, and Hezbollah continue to raise complex questions of international law. Some of these involve issues of State responsibility, requiring an...
Attacking a Pipeline: Legal Issues for Consideration

Attacking a Pipeline: Legal Issues for Consideration

Attacking a Pipeline: Legal Issues for Consideration Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 are pipelines constructed by a Russian State-controlled company called Gazprom to transport 110 billion cubic metres of natural gas per year from the Russian Federation under the...
ISIS Detentions in Syria and the Responsibility of Supporting States

ISIS Detentions in Syria and the Responsibility of Supporting States

ISIS Detentions in Syria and the Responsibility of Supporting States While the world’s attention is focused on the hostilities in Gaza and Ukraine, the conflict against ISIS in Syria and Iraq continues. Although out of the headlines, coalition forces led by the United...
Space Privateers or Space Pirates? Armed Conflict, Outer Space, and the Attribution of Non-State Activities

Space Privateers or Space Pirates? Armed Conflict, Outer Space, and the Attribution of Non-State Activities

Space Privateers or Space Pirates? Armed Conflict, Outer Space, and the Attribution of Non-State Activities Famously, George Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France at the end of the First World War, quipped that “generals always prepare to fight the last war, especially...
Diversification of Civilian Agency: An Accountability Perspective

Diversification of Civilian Agency: An Accountability Perspective

Diversification of Civilian Agency: An Accountability Perspective Several recent developments have challenged the traditionally assumed passivity of civilians in armed conflict. Most notable are calls to participate in a volunteer IT army, the facilitation of an app...