Prosecuting Rwanda for Aggression in the DRC: Legal Feasibility and Challenges

Prosecuting Rwanda for Aggression in the DRC: Legal Feasibility and Challenges

Prosecuting Rwanda for Aggression in the DRC: Legal Feasibility and Challenges Rwandan involvement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been reported in two principal forms: first, direct intervention by Rwandan State forces across the border; and second,...
Analyzing State Support to Non-State Actors – Part II: Response Options and Conflict Classification

Analyzing State Support to Non-State Actors – Part II: Response Options and Conflict Classification

Analyzing State Support to Non-State Actors – Part II: Response Options and Conflict Classification As non-State actors assume an increasingly prominent role in international affairs, State support to them as a strategic tool for advancing political objectives has...
Analyzing State Support to Non-State Actors – Part I: Primary Obligations and Attribution

Analyzing State Support to Non-State Actors – Part I: Primary Obligations and Attribution

Analyzing State Support to Non-State Actors – Part I: Primary Obligations and Attribution Today, armed conflicts are frequently characterized by State support to non-State actors as a means of advancing the former’s strategic objectives. For instance, Iran continues...
Lieber Studies Series – Military Investigations

Lieber Studies Series – Military Investigations

Lieber Studies Series – Military Investigations Editors’ note: This post is based on the author’s chapter in Civilian Protection in Armed Conflict: Select Issues (Jelena Pejic and Margaret Kotlik eds. 2025), the eleventh volume of the Lieber Studies Series published...
Lieber Studies Series – Civilian Protection in Armed Conflict: Select Issues

Lieber Studies Series – Civilian Protection in Armed Conflict: Select Issues

Lieber Studies Series – Civilian Protection in Armed Conflict: Select Issues Civilian protection is a basic aim and legal obligation of international humanitarian law (IHL) or the law of armed conflict (LOAC). Yet, as recent and ongoing armed conflicts in Gaza, Sudan,...
Sudan: The Case for Recognising All Conflict-Related Sexual Violence as Torture

Sudan: The Case for Recognising All Conflict-Related Sexual Violence as Torture

Sudan: The Case for Recognising All Conflict-Related Sexual Violence as Torture Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is often framed as an unfortunate byproduct of war rather than as an intentional and strategic act of violence. However, a closer examination of...