Can Israel Target Iran in Response to Houthi Attacks? Exploring the Threshold of “Substantial Involvement”

Can Israel Target Iran in Response to Houthi Attacks? Exploring the Threshold of “Substantial Involvement”

Can Israel Target Iran in Response to Houthi Attacks? Exploring the Threshold of “Substantial Involvement” Following the Houthi missile attack on Ben Gurion Airport on Sunday, May 4, 2025, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed to retaliate not only against...
Analyzing State Support to Non-State Actors – Part II: Response Options and Conflict Classification

Analyzing State Support to Non-State Actors – Part II: Response Options and Conflict Classification

Analyzing State Support to Non-State Actors – Part II: Response Options and Conflict Classification As non-State actors assume an increasingly prominent role in international affairs, State support to them as a strategic tool for advancing political objectives has...
Using the Proliferation Security Initiative to Disrupt Iran’s Oil Shipments

Using the Proliferation Security Initiative to Disrupt Iran’s Oil Shipments

Using the Proliferation Security Initiative to Disrupt Iran’s Oil Shipments Since the Islamic revolution of 1979, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been hostile to the United States and its allies and partners. It is the leading State sponsor of...
Targeting Iranian Spy Ships

Targeting Iranian Spy Ships

Targeting Iranian Spy Ships On March 17, 2025, Al-Hadath, a Saudi news outlet, reported that U.S. forces in the Middle East had targeted and sunk Iran’s newest signals intelligence (SIGINT) ship, the IRINS Zagros (H313), while the spy ship was on station in the Red...
Dilemmas of Defense: The U.S. Role in the Iran-Israel Conflict

Dilemmas of Defense: The U.S. Role in the Iran-Israel Conflict

Dilemmas of Defense: The U.S. Role in the Iran-Israel Conflict On April 13, 2024, the Islamic Republic of Iran carried out an unprecedented operation, launching hundreds of drones and cruise missiles toward Israel. Reports indicate that Israel intercepted the majority...