Article 23(g) Imperative Military Necessity Imposes No Higher Standard than Ordinary Military Necessity

Article 23(g) Imperative Military Necessity Imposes No Higher Standard than Ordinary Military Necessity

Article 23(g) Imperative Military Necessity Imposes No Higher Standard than Ordinary Military Necessity This post addresses the requirement for “imperative military necessity” to justify property destruction under Article 23(g) of the Hague Regulations of 1907,...
Judging Battlefield Conduct

Judging Battlefield Conduct

Judging Battlefield Conduct Editors’ note: This post is based on the author’s article-length work, “The Rule of Law in Armed Conflict” published in volume 34 of the Minnesota Journal of International Law (2025). The rule of law is an appraisal concept that purports to...
State Practice in Assassination: What is Old is New Again

State Practice in Assassination: What is Old is New Again

State Practice in Assassination: What is Old is New Again In July 2024, CNN reported that American and German intelligence agencies had thwarted a Russian plan to kill Armin Papperger, the chief executive of Rheinmetall, a company known as “the largest and most...
Hors De Combat: Clarifying the U.S. Law of War Manual

Hors De Combat: Clarifying the U.S. Law of War Manual

Hors De Combat: Clarifying the U.S. Law of War Manual The U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School instructs on international protections for the wounded and sick, one of the many aspects of the Geneva Conventions emphasized to both seasoned and new...
Israel – Hamas 2024 Symposium – Civilian Protection as an Element of Military Advantage in Determining Proportionality

Israel – Hamas 2024 Symposium – Civilian Protection as an Element of Military Advantage in Determining Proportionality

Israel – Hamas 2024 Symposium – Civilian Protection as an Element of Military Advantage in Determining Proportionality In a prior post, I raised the issue of whether the protection of Israeli civilians may be treated as a military advantage in determining the...