Haiti’s Gang Violence and the Armed Conflict Threshold: An IHL Analysis

Haiti’s Gang Violence and the Armed Conflict Threshold: An IHL Analysis

Haiti’s Gang Violence and the Armed Conflict Threshold: An IHL Analysis Haiti’s armed violence and humanitarian crisis remain acute. Armed gangs control significant territory, reportedly perpetrating killings, sexual violence, and child exploitation. In 2025 alone,...
Built Without a Battlefield: Challenges of a Cold Case War Crimes Prosecution

Built Without a Battlefield: Challenges of a Cold Case War Crimes Prosecution

Built Without a Battlefield: Challenges of a Cold Case War Crimes Prosecution Australian authorities recently arrested Ben Roberts-Smith for war crimes including multiple unlawful killings of prisoners and non-combatants. Roberts-Smith, long regarded as one of...
When Cartels Fight Back: El Mencho and the NIAC Question in Mexico

When Cartels Fight Back: El Mencho and the NIAC Question in Mexico

When Cartels Fight Back: El Mencho and the NIAC Question in Mexico On February 22, 2026, Mexican Army Special Forces launched a pre-dawn raid on a gated residential compound in Tapalpa, a mountainous municipality in the Western state of Jalisco. Their target was...
Pushing Boundaries: Domestic Courts and Legislatures as the New Laboratory for War Crimes Law

Pushing Boundaries: Domestic Courts and Legislatures as the New Laboratory for War Crimes Law

Pushing Boundaries: Domestic Courts and Legislatures as the New Laboratory for War Crimes Law War crimes belong to the category of so-called “core” international crimes over which the International Criminal Court (ICC) wields jurisdiction. Under the complementarity...
Anything Other Than a Classic NIAC: Examining Myanmar’s Legal Battlefield

Anything Other Than a Classic NIAC: Examining Myanmar’s Legal Battlefield

Anything Other Than a Classic NIAC: Examining Myanmar’s Legal Battlefield Myanmar’s civil unrest is traditionally characterised as a non-international armed conflict (NIAC). It arguably represents one of the most enduring civil wars in modern history. For the past...