Articles of War
Gamifying War: Reward Incentives and “Outlawry” in Armed Conflict
Both sides of the Ukraine-Russia conflict maintain incentive programs that reward soldiers for kills on the battlefield. Russia offers monetary bonuses for the destruction of enemy equipment, such as helicopters and tanks, while Ukraine awards points redeemable for...
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Lessons Learned from the Latest Rendition Cases at the European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) recently finalized its judgment against Lithuania in a case involving Guantanamo Bay (GTMO) detainees....
Lieber Studies Making and Shaping LOAC Volume – The Application of LOAC in Domestic Courts and the Question of Expertise
Editors’ note: This post is based on the author’s chapter in Making and Shaping the Law of Armed Conflict (Sandesh Sivakumaran and Christian R....
Israel – Hamas 2024 Symposium – The Gospel, Lavender, and the Law of Armed Conflict
In November 2023, +972 Magazine and Local Call published a joint report on Israel Defense Force (IDF) targeting operations, labeling them a “mass...
Lieber Studies Making and Shaping LOAC Volume – Universality and Regionalism in Making and Shaping LOAC
Editors’ note: This post is based on the author’s chapter in Making and Shaping the Law of Armed Conflict (Sandesh Sivakumaran and Christian R....
Lieber Studies Making and Shaping LOAC Volume – The Development of the LOAC by International Criminal Tribunals
Editors’ note: This post is based on the author’s chapter in Making and Shaping the Law of Armed Conflict (Sandesh Sivakumaran and Christian R....
Farewell to LTC Christopher Malis
This week Articles of War and the Lieber Institute for Law and Warfare bid farewell to Lieutenant Colonel Chris Malis. For two years, Chris served...
Distinction and the Rule of Perfidy within the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Editors' note: This post is based on course work that Luke Gigliotti completed in his final year as a cadet at the U.S. Military Academy West Point....
Lieber Studies Making and Shaping LOAC Volume – The Status and Influence of Expert Manuals
Editors’ note: This post is based on the author’s chapter in Making and Shaping the Law of Armed Conflict (Sandesh Sivakumaran and Christian R....
Lieber Studies Making and Shaping LOAC Volume – (Un)customary IHL in the 21st Century: Quo Vadis?
Editors' note: This post is based on the author's chapter in Making and Shaping the Law of Armed Conflict (Sandesh Sivakumaran and Christian R....
Making and Shaping the Law of Armed Conflict: An Introduction
Almost every legal question involves aspects of law-making and shaping, be it identification of a rule, interpretation of that rule, or...
Artificial Intelligence Systems and Humans in Military Decision-Making: Not Better or Worse but Better Together
In conversations about the military use of artificial intelligence (AI), I am frequently presented with the following question: might AI systems be...
Diversification of Civilian Agency: An Accountability Perspective
Several recent developments have challenged the traditionally assumed passivity of civilians in armed conflict. Most notable are calls to...












