Articles of War
A Japanese Perspective on Treaty Obligations Regarding Attacks To, From, or Within Space
As States begin to regard outer space as a war-fighting domain, Japan has followed suit. Although it had long interpreted “peaceful” use of outer space in the Outer Space Treaty (OST) as “non-military” use, seventeen years ago Japan changed its interpretation to...
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The Legality of Intermingling Military and Civilian Capabilities in Space
The United States’ practice of intermingling national security space functions with commercial space capabilities and services has come under fire....
Ukraine Symposium – Russian Preliminary Objections at the ICJ: The Case Must Go On?
As readers of Articles of War may recall, Ukraine instituted proceedings against Russia before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on February...
Ukraine Symposium – The Kerch Strait Bridge Attack, Retaliation, and International Law
For some time, Ukrainian forces have threatened to attack the 12-mile Kerch Strait Bridge that links Russia and the Crimean Peninsula. Russia built...
A Plea for “Animalizing” the International Law of Armed Conflict
Domestic, wild, or liminal, all animals are particularly vulnerable in wartime. They are often slaughtered, bombed, starved, or looted on a massive...
Ukraine Symposium – Russia’s Forcible Transfer of Children
Earlier last month, the European Parliament adopted a resolution condemning the forced transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia. The resolution...
Ukraine Symposium – Illegality of Russia’s Annexations in Ukraine
On 30 September 2022, a ceremony took place in Moscow’s Kremlin in which Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation, signed “treaties” with...
Deficiencies and Ambiguities of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
Touted as an effort to “reframe the debate on nuclear weapons,” the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) has currently accumulated 66...
Civilian Risk Mitigation: Why Context Matters
The proverbial dust is now settling on the blast that was the publication of the new Civilian Mitigation Response and Action Plan (CHMR-AP). The...
Türkiye’s Threats against Greece: A Violation of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter?
On September 5-6, 2022, the Greek Foreign Minister Mr. Nikos Dendias sent letters to the EU, NATO, and the UN to bring to their attention public...
The U.S. DoD Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Action Plan on Future Battlefields
On August 25, 2022, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) released the Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Action Plan (CHMR-AP). In a previous...
The “General Close of Military Operations” and the End of Armed Conflicts
The temporal scope of applicability of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) or Law of Armed Conflict (LoAC) – terms I use interchangeably in this...
The Israeli Unlawful Combatants Law Turns Twenty
Twenty years ago, in 2002, Israel enacted the Law on Incarceration of Unlawful Combatants (UCL or “the Law”). The UCL aimed to provide a basis in...
