Articles of War
The Double Qualification of a Single Act of Belligerence
In the complex web of armed conflict classification, a problem has emerged in recent years linked to transnational armed conflicts that are breaking out and spilling into our troubled world. What is a transnational armed conflict? Let us first note that it is not a...
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“Weaponizing” Sexual Violence In War – An IHL Problem
As the war in Ukraine approaches the six-month mark, reports of sexual violence against women and girls, and also men and boys, mount almost daily....
Who Is Protected by the Fourth Geneva Convention? The Case of Civilians in Invaded Territory
Since the 19th century, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has produced a long line of commentaries explaining the core treaties of...
Ukraine Symposium – Oil Tankers as “Environmental Time Bombs,” or Not
Last month, Russian forces used two anti-ship missiles to target an abandoned cargo tanker adrift in the northern Black Sea. The vessel was loaded...
Classification of Non-Consensual State Interventions against an OAG
Constant progress in weaponry and means of transportation increasingly enables belligerents to cross borders to fight their enemy. Although not a...
Ukraine Symposium – Amnesty International’s Allegations of Ukrainian IHL Violations
On 4 August, Amnesty International released a report criticizing Ukraine for placing civilians at risk “by establishing bases and operating weapons...
Ukraine Symposium – Forced Conscription in the Self-Declared Republics
The Guardian recently reported that men in the Donbas region in eastern Ukraine are being forcibly conscripted into the armed forces of the...
The al-Zawahiri Strike and the Law of Armed Conflict
Just after daybreak on July 31, the United States killed Ayman al-Zawahiri, Osama bin Laden’s former deputy and the current leader of al-Qaeda. Two...
Can Starlink Satellites Be Lawfully Targeted?
In an earlier post, I discussed the special attribution regime in Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty (OST) and the risk of activities of...
The ILC Draft Principles on Protection of the Environment in Armed Conflict
Introduction After almost a decade working on the topic “Protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts” (PERAC), the UN International...
The Defense Production Act: Assessing the Ukraine Arms Shortage
As Ukraine continues to defy early predictions of how long it can resist Russia’s invading forces, Ukraine’s partners are facing a growing dilemma....
Ukraine Symposium – Forced Civilian Labor in Occupied Territory
On July 27, the Institute for the Study of War reported that “Russian occupation officials are likely leveraging food aid and other humanitarian...
A Queer Eye on the Law of Armed Conflict
Author’s note: This post reflects a presentation given at the twenty-second congress of the International Society for Military Law and the Law of...
