State Responsibility
Lieber Studies Non-State Actor Attribution Volume Series – Blowing the Dust Off Article 9 of ARSIWA: Some Clarity and Some Questions
Editors’ note: This post appears as an entry in a series dedicated to Dr Jennifer Maddocks’ monograph, Attribution of Non-State Actor Conduct during Armed Conflict, appearing in the Lieber Studies book series with Oxford University Press. Article 9 is a fascinating...
Lieber Studies Non-State Actor Attribution Volume Series – Shadow Warfare, State Attribution and Substantial Involvement
Editors’ note: This post appears as an entry in a series dedicated to Dr Jennifer Maddocks’ monograph, Attribution of Non-State Actor Conduct during Armed Conflict, appearing in the Lieber Studies book series with Oxford University Press. When is a State “the origin...
Lieber Studies Attribution of Non-State Actor Conduct Volume – Attribution of Non-State Actor Conduct During Armed Conflict
Editors' note: This post appears as an entry in a series dedicated to Dr Jennifer Maddocks' monograph, Attribution of Non-State Actor Conduct during Armed Conflict, appearing in the Lieber Studies book series with Oxford University Press. Dr Maddocks will participate...
ILC Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials: Codification or Progressive Development?
The International Law Commission (ILC) has recently concluded its second reading of the Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction. Draft Article 7 has received significant attention, as it addresses the controversial question of...
In Honor of Françoise Hampson – Parsing Proportionality
Editors’ note: This post is part of a series to honor Françoise Hampson, who passed away on April 18, 2025. These posts recognize Professor Hampson’s work and the significant contribution her scholarship made to our understanding of international law. It is a...
Did China Just Violate the Biological Warfare Convention?
In early June, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) arrested two nationals of the People’s Republic of China for conspiracy to smuggle a fungus called Fusarium graminearum into the United States, which scientific literature classifies as an agroterrorism...
Non-State Cyber Actors in the 12-Day War – The Gray Zone of LOAC, Part I
Editors’ note: In this two-part series, Professor Gary Corn examines law of armed conflict issues arising from cyber operations conducted during the recent conflict between Israel and Iran. With little fanfare, the traditional line between public and private war was...
Ukraine Symposium – Ukraine and the Future of the Ottawa Convention
In 1935, the International Labor Organization (ILO) adopted its 45th convention, generally prohibiting the employment of women in underground mining work. The treaty achieved widespread adoption, with 98 member States at its peak. ILO Convention No. 45 emerged from a...
Estonia’s New Push to Seize Immobilised Russian State Assets
Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has caused extensive material damage. The World Bank Group, the government of Ukraine, the European Union, and the United Nations released a latest “Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment,” which estimates that, as of 31 December 2024,...
Ukraine Symposium – Release of Chinese POWs in Ukraine
In early April, reports emerged indicating that Ukraine had captured two Chinese nationals who were fighting alongside Russian forces in Ukraine. Additional reports shared by Ukraine's intelligence agencies identified nearly two hundred other Chinese nationals also...
Prosecuting Rwanda for Aggression in the DRC: Legal Feasibility and Challenges
Rwandan involvement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been reported in two principal forms: first, direct intervention by Rwandan State forces across the border; and second, indirect support for the rebel group M23. UN experts and other observers have...
Can Israel Target Iran in Response to Houthi Attacks? Exploring the Threshold of “Substantial Involvement”
Following the Houthi missile attack on Ben Gurion Airport on Sunday, May 4, 2025, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed to retaliate not only against the Houthis, but also against their “patron,” Iran, declaring that such action would take place “at a time...
