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William Casey Biggerstaff
| Jul 3, 2025 | AoW Posts, Blog, Use of Force
Operation Rising Lion and the Self-Defense Condition of Immediacy On 13 June, Israel launched Operation Rising Lion, striking Iranian military leadership and critical infrastructure as well as key personnel involved in Iran’s nuclear weapons development program. Just...
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Thomas Wheatley
| Jul 2, 2025 | AoW Posts, Blog, Law of Armed Conflict, Use of Force
The Myth of Jus ad Bellum–Jus in Bello Purity In modern international law, the separation of jus ad bellum (the law governing the right to go to war) and jus in bello (the law governing conduct in war) is frequently treated as dogma. For some, this separation is...
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Berfin Deniz Çabuk
| Jul 1, 2025 | AoW Posts, Blog, Space Law, Use of Force
Shadows in Orbit: Unpacking the Cosmos 2588 Amidst Legal Uncertainty in Space On 23 May, 2025, Russia launched Cosmos 2588, the latest in its Cosmos series of military satellites, into low Earth orbit (LEO). As first reported by independent satellite tracker Bart...
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Michael N. Schmitt
| Jun 27, 2025 | AoW Posts, Blog, Interpretation & Development, Use of Force
Interpreting the Law of Self-Defense The 13 June 2025 Israeli attack (Operation Rising Lion) on Iranian nuclear and military infrastructure, as well as senior military leaders and nuclear scientists, sparked a sophisticated debate over the parameters of the...
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Terry D. Gill
| Jun 26, 2025 | AoW Posts, Blog, Use of Force
Israel (and the United States) vs. Iran: Self-Defence and Forcible Counterproliferation A number of experts have set out their position on whether Israel has a credible claim to self-defence as a legal basis for its recent and ongoing series of strikes against Iranian...
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Nicholas Tsagourias
| Jun 20, 2025 | AoW Posts, Blog, Law of Armed Conflict, Targeting, Use of Force
Assessing the Legality of Israel’s Action Against Iran Under International Law As related in previous Articles of War coverage (here, here, and here), in the early hours of 13 June, Israel launched “Operation Rising Lion” which struck Iran’s nuclear enrichment...
