Articles of War
Year Ahead 2026 – Poisoned Wells Before The War
In April 2026, and as part of my role at the National University of Singapore, I am hosting a regional conference on the intersection between artificial intelligence (AI) and international humanitarian law (IHL). The conference abstracts are, understandably, all about...
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Gaps and Seams in the Law of Armed Conflict for AI-Enabled Cyber Operations
The continued, robust use of cyber operations in both competition and conflict has inspired many States to express whether and how international law...
Anything Other Than a Classic NIAC: Examining Myanmar’s Legal Battlefield
Myanmar’s civil unrest is traditionally characterised as a non-international armed conflict (NIAC). It arguably represents one of the most enduring...
The Ukrainian Attacks Against Gambian-Flagged Oil Tankers in the Black Sea
On October 28, 2025, Ukrainian so-called “Sea Baby drones” attacked two Gambian-flagged oil tankers, the Kairos and Virat. Whereas the vessels were...
Can AI Teach Itself to Abuse IHL-Protected Indicators?
In war, there is every incentive to deceive. Thousands of years ago, humans learnt that misleading the enemy, dissimulating one’s intentions, and...
Tripwires to Trojans: Updating the Law of Booby-traps for the Digital Age
Articles of War has featured discussion of the law of armed conflict (LOAC) rules concerning booby-traps (see, e.g., here, here, here, and here)....
The ICJ Obligations of Israel Advisory Opinion – Qualifying Israel as an Occupying Power in the Gaza Strip
Editors’ note: This post is part of a series featuring analysis of the 2025 International Court of Justice advisory opinion on obligations of Israel...
Reservations in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Validity
Twenty-three States have appended some declarations when ratifying or acceding to the 1949 Geneva Conventions (GCs). Not all these declarations...
Belligerent Reprisals Series – Concluding Thoughts
The posts by Stuart Casey-Maslen and Veronika Bílková (in addition to previous ones written on the topic by Michael Schmitt and Lindsay Moir) have...
Belligerent Reprisals Series – Enforcement, Reciprocity, and the Elusive NIAC Dimension
Editors’ note: This post is part of a series related to Francesco Romani’s book “Belligerent Reprisals from Enforcement to Reciprocity” published by...
In Honor of Françoise Hampson – Parsing Proportionality
Editors’ note: This post is part of a series to honor Françoise Hampson, who passed away on April 18, 2025. These posts recognize Professor...
Belligerent Reprisals Series – Reprisals with Weapons
Editors’ note: This post is part of a series related to Francesco Romani’s book “Belligerent Reprisals from Enforcement to Reciprocity” published by...
Belligerent Reprisals Series – Changing the Paradigm to Rein in Retaliation in Armed Conflict
Editors’ note: This post introduces a series related to Francesco Romani’s book Belligerent Reprisals from Enforcement to Reciprocity published by...
