Putting the Canadian in IHL: The Canadian Handbook on International Humanitarian Law

Putting the Canadian in IHL: The Canadian Handbook on International Humanitarian Law

Putting the Canadian in IHL: The Canadian Handbook on International Humanitarian Law The International Committee of the Red Cross observes that “[t]he rules of war are universal.” Few would dispute that as a general statement, particularly considering the universal...
When Cartels Fight Back: El Mencho and the NIAC Question in Mexico

When Cartels Fight Back: El Mencho and the NIAC Question in Mexico

When Cartels Fight Back: El Mencho and the NIAC Question in Mexico On February 22, 2026, Mexican Army Special Forces launched a pre-dawn raid on a gated residential compound in Tapalpa, a mountainous municipality in the Western state of Jalisco. Their target was...
What Aggregate Civilian-Combatant Ratios Tell Us, And What They Don’t: A Case Study from the Gaza Conflict

What Aggregate Civilian-Combatant Ratios Tell Us, And What They Don’t: A Case Study from the Gaza Conflict

What Aggregate Civilian-Combatant Ratios Tell Us, And What They Don’t: A Case Study from the Gaza Conflict Public debate about contemporary armed conflict increasingly relies on aggregate civilian-to-combatant casualty ratios as indicators of legality and moral...
The Evolving Architecture of the International Law of Military Operations: Mapping the Future of Legal Research in Armed Conflict

The Evolving Architecture of the International Law of Military Operations: Mapping the Future of Legal Research in Armed Conflict

The Evolving Architecture of the International Law of Military Operations: Mapping the Future of Legal Research in Armed Conflict International law governing military operations is undergoing a period of profound transformation. Rapid technological innovation...
Armenia’s Military Procurement from India and Article 36 of the Additional Protocol I

Armenia’s Military Procurement from India and Article 36 of the Additional Protocol I

Armenia’s Military Procurement from India and Article 36 of the Additional Protocol I Armenia is rearming. Following the catastrophic losses of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War and the complete collapse of Russian reliability as a security guarantor, Yerevan has...
The Regulation of Levées en Masse: Extending Participation to Diaspora Populations

The Regulation of Levées en Masse: Extending Participation to Diaspora Populations

The Regulation of Levées en Masse: Extending Participation to Diaspora Populations The levée en masse (i.e., mass uprising) is a relatively rare form of conflict participation recognised by international humanitarian law (IHL). It was last expressed in treaty form in...