Intelligence Wars, Their Warriors, and Legal Ambiguity – Part I: Wars and Warriors

Intelligence Wars, Their Warriors, and Legal Ambiguity – Part I: Wars and Warriors

Intelligence Wars, Their Warriors, and Legal Ambiguity – Part I: Wars and Warriors Editors’ note: This post is part of a two-part series that explores the role military and civilian intelligence organizations perform in contemporary hostilities. On June 13, 2025, the...
What Is Left After Leaving Ottawa?

What Is Left After Leaving Ottawa?

What Is Left After Leaving Ottawa? With 165 member States (at the time of writing), the Ottawa Convention is arguably the most widely recognized international treaty on conventional weapons. It was long regarded as a triumph of civil society, with progress reported on...
Cross-Linkages between Non-Adverse Derogation and Non-Renunciation of Rights in Modern IHL

Cross-Linkages between Non-Adverse Derogation and Non-Renunciation of Rights in Modern IHL

Cross-Linkages between Non-Adverse Derogation and Non-Renunciation of Rights in Modern IHL Articles 6/6/6/7 of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 (GCs) allow belligerent States to conclude special agreements either to implement their duties under international...
An Operational Perspective of Military Advantage and Proportionality

An Operational Perspective of Military Advantage and Proportionality

An Operational Perspective of Military Advantage and Proportionality Scholars have described the law of targeting as lying at the heart of the law of armed conflict (LOAC). Within the law of targeting, the rule of proportionality requires military planners,...
Comparative Law, the Law of War, and Usufruct

Comparative Law, the Law of War, and Usufruct

Comparative Law, the Law of War, and Usufruct The nature of the legal pluriverse (“the plurality of existing normative orders”) remains a subject of debate. Monists view international law and domestic law as forming a single legal order. Dualists, on the other hand,...
Ukraine Symposium – Ukraine and the Future of the Ottawa Convention

Ukraine Symposium – Ukraine and the Future of the Ottawa Convention

Ukraine Symposium – Ukraine and the Future of the Ottawa Convention In 1935, the International Labor Organization (ILO) adopted its 45th convention, generally prohibiting the employment of women in underground mining work. The treaty achieved widespread adoption, with...