When Cartels Fight Back: El Mencho and the NIAC Question in Mexico

When Cartels Fight Back: El Mencho and the NIAC Question in Mexico

When Cartels Fight Back: El Mencho and the NIAC Question in Mexico On February 22, 2026, Mexican Army Special Forces launched a pre-dawn raid on a gated residential compound in Tapalpa, a mountainous municipality in the Western state of Jalisco. Their target was...
What Aggregate Civilian-Combatant Ratios Tell Us, And What They Don’t: A Case Study from the Gaza Conflict

What Aggregate Civilian-Combatant Ratios Tell Us, And What They Don’t: A Case Study from the Gaza Conflict

What Aggregate Civilian-Combatant Ratios Tell Us, And What They Don’t: A Case Study from the Gaza Conflict Public debate about contemporary armed conflict increasingly relies on aggregate civilian-to-combatant casualty ratios as indicators of legality and moral...
The Evolving Architecture of the International Law of Military Operations: Mapping the Future of Legal Research in Armed Conflict

The Evolving Architecture of the International Law of Military Operations: Mapping the Future of Legal Research in Armed Conflict

The Evolving Architecture of the International Law of Military Operations: Mapping the Future of Legal Research in Armed Conflict International law governing military operations is undergoing a period of profound transformation. Rapid technological innovation...
Armenia’s Military Procurement from India and Article 36 of the Additional Protocol I

Armenia’s Military Procurement from India and Article 36 of the Additional Protocol I

Armenia’s Military Procurement from India and Article 36 of the Additional Protocol I Armenia is rearming. Following the catastrophic losses of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War and the complete collapse of Russian reliability as a security guarantor, Yerevan has...
The Regulation of Levées en Masse: Extending Participation to Diaspora Populations

The Regulation of Levées en Masse: Extending Participation to Diaspora Populations

The Regulation of Levées en Masse: Extending Participation to Diaspora Populations The levée en masse (i.e., mass uprising) is a relatively rare form of conflict participation recognised by international humanitarian law (IHL). It was last expressed in treaty form in...
The Role of Municipal Law Analogies in the Law of Armed Conflicts

The Role of Municipal Law Analogies in the Law of Armed Conflicts

The Role of Municipal Law Analogies in the Law of Armed Conflicts It is common wisdom that the law of armed conflict (LOAC) contains many “principles” or rules of considerable normative breadth and importance. Some examples include: the principle of limitation of...