GC IV Commentary Series – Article 47 of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949: A Possible Blind Spot

GC IV Commentary Series – Article 47 of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949: A Possible Blind Spot

GC IV Commentary Series – Article 47 of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949: A Possible Blind Spot Editors’ note: The following series considers ICRC’s 2025 updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention. Rosa-Lena Lauterbach, Liisi Adamson, and Sean...
GC IV Commentary Series – Common Article 2(2) and (3)

GC IV Commentary Series – Common Article 2(2) and (3)

GC IV Commentary Series – Common Article 2(2) and (3) Editors’ note: The following series considers ICRC’s 2025 updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention. Rosa-Lena Lauterbach, Liisi Adamson, and Sean Watts’s introduction to the series is...
GC IV Commentary Series – Two Answers and Two Open Questions on Taxing Humanitarian Relief

GC IV Commentary Series – Two Answers and Two Open Questions on Taxing Humanitarian Relief

GC IV Commentary Series – Two Answers and Two Open Questions on Taxing Humanitarian Relief Editors’ note: The following series considers ICRC’s 2025 updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention. Rosa-Lena Lauterbach, Liisi Adamson, and Sean Watts’s...
(Past) Debates on the Legal Nature of Belligerent Occupation

(Past) Debates on the Legal Nature of Belligerent Occupation

(Past) Debates on the Legal Nature of Belligerent Occupation The many theories on belligerent occupation that were raging at the beginning of the 20th century are little known, especially in the English-speaking world. This post will shed light on competing...
Patriotic War: Total Defence, Resistance, and Additional Protocol I

Patriotic War: Total Defence, Resistance, and Additional Protocol I

Patriotic War: Total Defence, Resistance, and Additional Protocol I Russia’s clear aggression towards Ukraine and its thinly veiled “hybrid war” against its other European neighbours has rightly caused alarm amongst these threatened States. European countries such as...
An Occupying Power’s Authority to Conclude Treaties for Occupied Territories

An Occupying Power’s Authority to Conclude Treaties for Occupied Territories

An Occupying Power’s Authority to Conclude Treaties for Occupied Territories Can an occupying power conclude treaties relating to the occupied territory? Can it do so solely in its own name or also in the name of the State whose territory is occupied? No clear answer...