Patriotic War: Total Defence, Resistance, and Additional Protocol I

Patriotic War: Total Defence, Resistance, and Additional Protocol I

Patriotic War: Total Defence, Resistance, and Additional Protocol I Russia’s clear aggression towards Ukraine and its thinly veiled “hybrid war” against its other European neighbours has rightly caused alarm amongst these threatened States. European countries such as...
Modern Attack Balloons and the 1907 Hague Balloons Declaration

Modern Attack Balloons and the 1907 Hague Balloons Declaration

Modern Attack Balloons and the 1907 Hague Balloons Declaration In the days leading up to the 1812 Battle of Borodino, Russia devised a plan to float a large shark-shaped hot air balloon over French forces to drop explosives. The balloon could not be made ready in time...
Nuclear Weapons Part IV – A Postscript

Nuclear Weapons Part IV – A Postscript

Nuclear Weapons Part IV – A Postscript Editors’ note: This is the fourth of a four-part post on legal considerations applicable to nuclear weapons. The first three posts in this series were completed on February 26, 2026, approximately 48 hours before the outbreak of...
A Matter of Principle(s)? Acquiescence in International Humanitarian Law

A Matter of Principle(s)? Acquiescence in International Humanitarian Law

A Matter of Principle(s)? Acquiescence in International Humanitarian Law Like hidden bunkers blended in the landscape, the operation of general principles of law in international humanitarian law (IHL) is not conspicuous at first glance. When referring to general...
Guilty Unless Proven Innocent: A Critique of Ali Kushayb Judgment

Guilty Unless Proven Innocent: A Critique of Ali Kushayb Judgment

Guilty Unless Proven Innocent: A Critique of Ali Kushayb Judgment In its recent judgment, the International Criminal Court (ICC) convicted Ali Kushayb of multiple war crimes and crimes against humanity. A Janjaweed militia leader who operated in Darfur in 2003–2004,...
ILC Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials: Codification or Progressive Development?

ILC Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials: Codification or Progressive Development?

ILC Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials: Codification or Progressive Development? The International Law Commission (ILC) has recently concluded its second reading of the Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction. Draft...