Articles of War
Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello Targeting
There is a growing tendency to devise a double targeting criterion for attacks: one for jus ad bellum (JAB); and one for jus in bello (JIB), and to require that the conditions for each are met so that an attack or other belligerent action with similar results can be...
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Warnings in Contemporary Conflict: Protective Measure or Source of Illegality?
Since the beginning of March 2026, the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) have issued a number of evacuation orders in southern Lebanon. These orders have...
Compliance by Design II: LOAC in U.S. Software Provided for Autonomous Combat Systems
Editors’ note: This is the seventh post in a series dedicated to Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) and the questions of human oversight and...
Farewell to MAJ Evin Stovall
This week Articles of War and the Lieber Institute for Law and Warfare bid farewell to Major Evin Stovall. For two years, Evin served as Senior...
The Notions of “Non-Belligerent” and “Other States not Parties to the Conflict” in the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I
The Geneva Conventions (GCs) and Additional Protocol I (AP I) include obligations for neutral States. However, the wording is not orthodox. In GC...
Jamming Enemy Weapon Systems and the Law of Targeting
Throughout history, superior weaponry and tactics have always provided a decisive edge in warfare, driving continuous cycles of measures and...
Compliance by Design I: LOAC in U.S. Autonomous Combat Platforms
Editors’ note: This is the sixth post in a series dedicated to Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) and the questions of human oversight and...
AI-on-AI Perfidy and the Law of Armed Conflict
Picture the following scenario: a forward-deployed artificial intelligence (AI) enabled surveillance platform detects a convoy moving along a...
Humanitarian Assistance in International Law and the Distinction Between Preventive Assistance and Emergency Relief in Armed Conflict
Editors’ note: This post highlights work from the author’s forthcoming book, Humanitarian Assistance in International Law, published with Oxford...
Prosecuting Wartime Sexual Torture: The Uneven Trajectory of International Jurisprudence
Sexual violence in armed conflict is rarely the product of a few undisciplined soldiers. In today’s major wars, it is frequently deployed as a...
AI, the Box, and the Black
It was my honour and privilege to be invited to attend, and participate in a panel at, the U.S. Cyber Command Legal Conference, “Innovation to...
Are Evacuation Orders Unlawful Under International Law? A Case Study of Southern Lebanon
Recent commentaries have characterized evacuation orders in contemporary armed conflicts, including those of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) in...
From Imagery to Targeting: Commercial Satellite Support in War
Commercial Earth Observation (EO) and geospatial intelligence firms now provide near-real-time imagery and analysis during active hostilities....
